IQLIM O‘ZGARISHINING SAMARQAND VILOYATI AGROEKOLOGIK SHAROITLARIGA TA’SIRI: 1985–2025-YILLAR TAHLILI

Samandarov Mehroj Orif o‘g‘li

Toshkent shahar Uchtepa tumani 14-umumta’lim maktabi geografiya fani oʻqituvchisi

Keywords: Samarqand viloyati, iqlim o‘zgarishi, agroekologik sharoit, Zarafshon havzasi, muzliklar, sug‘orma dehqonchilik, qurg‘oqchilik, moslashuv, Mann–Kendall, SPI, GTK.

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Abstract

Mazkur maqolada so‘nggi 40 yilda (1985–2025) iqlim o‘zgarishining Samarqand viloyati agroekologik sharoitlariga ta’siri geografik-gidrologik yondashuv asosida o‘rganilgan. Hududning agroiqlimiy resurslari Zarafshon daryosi oqimi bilan chambarchas bog‘liq bo‘lgani sababli tahlil uch bo‘g‘inda olib borildi: atmosfera (harorat va yog‘in), kriosfera va daryo oqimi, sug‘orma dehqonchilik va tuproq. O‘zgidromet, Jahon banki, CAREC, davlat organlarining rasmiy ma’lumotlari hamda Zarafshon havzasi bo‘yicha xalqaro hakamlik jurnallaridagi tadqiqotlar umumlashtirildi. Isish sur’ati, muzliklarning chekinishi, suv olish yuklamasi va yer osti suvlarining pasayishi birgalikda viloyat agroekologik tizimida suv ta’minoti barqarorligini susaytirayotgani, tog‘li, tog‘ oldi va tekislik zonalarida esa oqibatlar turlicha namoyon bo‘layotgani aniqlandi. Moslashuv yo‘nalishlari havza darajasida asoslab berildi. Maqola statistik qatorlar, trend tahlillari, diagrammalar va zonal differensiatsiya bilan boyitilgan.

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